Gp96 deficiency affects TLR4 functionality and impairs ERK and p38 phosphorylation

Gp96 deficiency affects TLR4 functionality and impairs ERK and p38 phosphorylation

Gp96 is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone for multiple protein substrates. Its lack in intestinal macrophages of Crohn's disease (CD) patients is correlated with loss of tolerance against the host gut flora. Gp96 has been stablished to be an essential chaperone for Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We studied the impact of gp96-knockdown on TLR-function in macrophages. TLR2 and TLR4 expression was o...

Phosphorylation of Staphylococcus aureus Protein-Tyrosine Kinase Affects the Function of Glucokinase and Biofilm Formation

Background: When Staphylococcus aureus is grown in the presence of high concentration of external glucose, this sugar is phosphorylated by glucokinase (glkA) to form glucose-6-phosphate. This product subsequently enters into anabolic phase, which favors biofilm formation. The presence of ROK (repressor protein, open reading frame, sugar kinase) motif, phosphate-1 and -2 sites, and tyrosine kina...

Effective of Red Ginseng Extract on Ameliorate Adipogenesis 3t3-L1 by Decreasing P38 and Erk Phosphorylation

This study examined the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of action of red ginseng extract (RG) in 3T3-L1 cells. To measure the levels of lipid accumulation, we were observed of expression of genes and proteins, which is associated with adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Eight days following induction for differentiation with MDI-medium and simultaneously with the tested RG, our study f...

All-trans Retinoic Acid Regulates the Balance of Treg-Th17 Cells through ERK and P38 Signaling Pathway

S-nitrosylation of ERK inhibits ERK phosphorylation and induces apoptosis

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) belongs to the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) superfamily. Aberrant upregulation and activation of ERK cascades may often lead to tumor cell development. However, how ERK is involved in tumor progression is yet to be defined. In current study, we described that ERK undergoes S-nitrosylation by nitric oxide (NO). ERK S-nitrosylation inhibits ...